光肩星天牛的成虫监测和适期防治分析

以光肩星天牛的发生规律和危害特征为基础,应用引诱剂对其成虫进行动态监测,根据监测数据并结合其生活习性确定防治适期和防治方法,为光肩星天牛的监测和防治提供参考。     

番茄褪绿病毒在湖南省首次发生

2016年7月在湖南省蔬菜病害调查中发现,4种茄科蔬菜表现出叶脉间褪绿、叶片黄化等症状,疑似被番茄褪绿病毒(Tomato chlorosis virus,To CV)感染,同时叶片背面聚集了大量烟粉虱。采用To CV热激蛋白(heat shock protein 70,HSP70)序列的特异性引物对采集的番茄、茄子、辣椒、马铃薯样品和烟粉虱样品进行RT-PCR检测,均扩增出目标条带,且扩增序列与北京番茄To CV分离物(KC887999.1)部分序列相似度为99.0%,确认采集样品被To CV感染。4种茄科蔬菜To CV的感染率达70%~100%;发病叶片上烟粉虱的带毒率为66.7%~87.5%;鉴定出烟粉虱的生物类型为MED烟粉虱。这是湖南省首次确认该病毒,需要引起关注和加强防范。     

浅谈成人应用文写作教学的基本原则

成人应用文写作教学应结合成人特点，认真贯彻科学性与思想性相结合、理论与实际相结合、智力因素与非智力因素相结合、统一要求与因材施教相结合等基本教学原则，切实提高教学效果。     

姜片虫虫体抗原氨基酸的测定

本文报道4种方法制备姜片虫虫体抗原,进行氨基酸组成的测定。其氨基酸总量(mg/100ml)结果显示:Ag-F1:608.50;Ag-F2:645.80;Ag-F3:357.14;Ag-F4:501.40;以 Ag-F3总量为最低,但值得重视的是 Ag-F3的丙氨酸(8.34),组氨酸(8.60),甘氨酸(11.00);苏氨酸(12.00),均显著降低。而 Ag-F4的组氨酸(4.80)为17种氨基酸含量最低者。其原因有待探讨。     

敌死虫对不同发育阶段烟粉虱的生物活性测定

敌死虫对烟粉虱成虫具有较强的驱避作用 ,99.1%敌死虫200、100、50倍液药后 2h～120h对黄瓜上烟粉虱的驱避率均在90%以上 ,50倍液处理药后3d的驱避率为98%～100%。药剂处理的非洲菊上烟粉虱成虫产卵量显著低于对照。敌死虫对烟粉虱卵具有一定活性 ,致死中量为10468.6mg/kg ;对若虫活性较高 ,对1、2、3龄若虫的致死中量分别为165.81、199.46、232.38mg/kg ,稀释倍数分别为5976、4968、4264倍。     

Comparison of Resistance to Tomato Leaf Curl Virus (India) and Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (Israel) among Lycopersicon Wild Species, Breeding Lines and Hybrids

The objective of this study was to screen wild and domesticated tomatoes for resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, Israel (TYLCV-Is) and Tomato leaf curl virus from Bangalore isolate 4, India (ToLCV-[Ban4]) to find sources of resistance to both viruses. A total of 34 tomato genotypes resistant/tolerant to TYLCV-Is were screened for resistance to ToLCV-[Ban4] under glasshouse and field conditions at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India. Resistance was assessed by criteria like disease incidence, symptom severity and squash-blot hybridization. All the tomato genotypes inoculated with ToLCV-[Ban4] by the whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) produced disease symptoms. In some plants of the lines 902 and 910, however, the virus was not detected by hybridization. The tomato genotypes susceptible to ToLCV-[Ban4] by whitefly-mediated inoculation were also found susceptible to the virus under field conditions. However, there were substantial differences between genotypes in disease incidence, spread, symptom severity and crop yield. Despite early disease incidence, many genotypes produced substantially higher yields than the local hybrid, Avinash-2. Sixteen tomato genotypes from India resistant/tolerant to ToLCV-[Ban4] were also tested for TYLCV-Is resistance at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel. Accessions of wild species, Lycopersicon hirsutum LA 1777 and PI 390659 were the best sources of resistance to both viruses. Lines 902 and 910, which were, resistant to TYLCV-Is were only tolerant to ToLCV-[Ban4] and accession Lycopersicon peruvianum CMV Sel. INRA, resistant to ToLCV-[Ban4], was only tolerant to TYLCV-Is. Implications of using the resistant lines in breeding programme is discussed.     

Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies

One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.     

徐州地区烟粉虱发生规律及治理措施初探

通过近2a观察表明,徐州地区烟粉虱在田间消长大致分4个阶段,成虫有4个主要迁移期;其喜干热、耐高湿的生活习性、冬季保护地栽培面积的扩大、外来虫源的传入及防治不力是烟粉虱种群数量累积并引起暴发的主要原因;主要寄主有9科20余种栽培作物;寄主植株上虫量垂直分布:棉花上部>中部>下部,温室蔬菜一般中、下部>上部。可采取严格检疫、清洁田园、轮作换茬、黄板诱杀、覆盖防虫网、保护和利用天敌、药剂防治等措施进行治理。     

日本刀角瓢虫形态特征及生物学特性研究

日本刀角瓢虫是粉虱类害虫的重要捕食性天敌之一、本文详细地描述了日本刀角瓢虫的形态特征，并附有各虫态的特征图。且对日本刀角瓢虫的生活习性进行了观察、以烟粉虱卵为食料，日本刀角瓢虫世代发育历期平均为22．56天，成虫平均寿命为9l94天，平均每雌产卵量为564．8粒：以烟粉虱若虫为食料，日本刀角虫世代发育历期平均为21．70天，成虫平均寿命为81．62天，平均每雌产卵量为650．0粒：瓢虫可捕食烟粉虱的卵、若虫、“蛹”、成虫各虫态，是烟粉虱的有效天敌，具有很好的保护利用价值。     

Effect of propolis on the expression of CD54 and activation of NF-κB p65 of lung tissue in acute lung injury rats

AIM: To study the effect of propolis on the expression of CD54 and activation of NF-κB p65 in lung tissue of acute lung injury (ALI) rats. METHODS: 40 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: normal control, model control, dectancyl group, water soluble derivative of propolis (WSP) group and ethanol extracted propolis (EEP) group. ALI animal model was performed by oleic acid and LPS twice attack. The pathologic slice was observed with light microscope and the NF-κB p65 activity and CD54 expression were tested by immunohistochemistry (SABC and SP). RESULTS: Both EEP and WSP antagonized the lung edema, decreased the inflammation and inhibited the expression of CD54 and activation of NF-κB p65. CONCLUSION: The increase in the expression of CD54 and the activation of NF-κB p65 in the lung tissues of ALI were involved in the formation of ALI. Propolis ameliorated the lung damage, which maybe related to the inhibition of CD54 expression and NF-κB p65 activation.